Tag: CPU

A microcontroller can be referred to as a cost-effective computer on a chip made for handling particular activities like displaying or getting data by means of LEDs or gadgets controlled by remote. The most widely used assortment of microcontrollers is a part of 8051 Family. 8051 microcontrollers continue to be a favorite option for a huge community of amateurs and professionals. In the form of 8051, the world witnessed the most groundbreaking set of microcontrollers. An 8051 microcontroller tutorial is the best way to learn this field of study completely.

Certain high level programming languages like BASIC, C, C++, Pascal, Forth and Java are used to write the program code for 8051. These superior languages employ a compiler to translate the program into machine code. For instance, in case of C programming for microcontrollers, the program must be transformed into machine language with the help of C compiler. Normally, C and assembly language (a low-level programming language) are extensively used for 8051 programs in comparison to the other high level languages.

Moving on in this 8051 microcontroller tutorial, Intel Corporation originally built the 8-bit microcontroller that was denoted MCS-51 in the 1981. This microcontroller was also known as “computer on a chip” since it contains 128 bytes of Random Access Memory (RAM), 4 kilobytes of read-only memory (ROM), 2 timers, 4 ports, and 1 Serial port on a solitary chip. The central processing unit can process just 8 bits of data at one time since 8051 is an 8-bit processor. In the event the data is bigger than 8 bits, then it needs to be divided into components with the intention that the CPU can perform in a convenient manner. The majority of makers usually integrate 4 kilobytes of ROM although the size of ROM can be increased up to 64 kilobytes.

Intel allowed other makers to build various editions of 8051, but with the restriction that the compatibility of code needs to be sustained. This has additional benefit that if the program code is written, then it can be applied for any edition of 8051 in spite of the maker.

C for microcontrollers, particularly 8051 has been the number one choice among programmers. The embedded C programming has been employed in a broad assortment of devices, primarily because it is trouble-free to incorporate into a project or fabricate a device around. The major areas of focus comprise energy management, medical appliances, automobiles, and touch screens.

8051 permits you to maneuver each and every bit of a port, thereby offering computer programmers with an exceptional and robust option. It renders the programmer with the capability to read, write and alter every port to create customized applications as far as possible. This was only a glimpse of this microcontroller. For more comprehensive 8051 microcontroller tutorials, you must visit websites dedicated to teach aspirants on this promising field.

PLC Programming

PLC is designed to replace a circuit relay sequential in a control system. In addition to programmable, this tool can also be controlled, and operated by people who do not have knowledge in computer operation in particular.

PLC stands for programmable logic controller, which has the following meaning:

1.Programmable demonstrate ability in terms of memory to store programs that have been made that easily altered function or usefulness.

2.Logic demonstrate the ability to process input in the arithmetic and logic (ALU), which compares the operation, add, multiply, divide, subtract, negation, AND, OR, and so forth.

3.Controller demonstrate the ability to control and manage the process to produce the desired output.

The basic elements of a PLC consists of a Power supply, Programming Console, Memory, CPU, input modules, output modules. following we describe each of these elements.

Power supply is used to provide power supply to all parts of the PLC (including CPU, memory, etc.). Most PLC work on the power supply 24 VDC or 220 VAC.

Programming Console is a programming panel in which there RAM (Random Access Memory) that functions as a semi-permanent storage in a program that was created or modified. Programs written to the console must be in the form of mnemonic. This device can be connected directly to the CPU by using a cable that can be installed ekstention and removed at any time.

Memory is a component for storing the program, To the PLC will work as expected then needed a program to run it. The program should be stored in a certain way so that the PLC can access commands according to the instructions. One also needed to store data temporarily during the implementation of the program.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the central data processor and controller of the entire work system PLC. Process conducted by the CPU and other international control of all operations, cultivate existing programs in the memory, as well as manage communications between the input-output, memory and the CPU through the BUS system. CPU also serves to execute and process the functions desired by the program that have been determined. Engineering and environmental consultants SSI has devised a number of emergency projects to assist the municipalities of the southern Cape coastal belt, in light of the severe drought that the area is experiencing.

SSI communications manager Robin Hayes says that during December, tourists flood the region, swelling the resident population by up to five times, exacerbating the existing critical shortage of water.

SSI water sector head Francis Gibbons says that, in Sedgefield, the company specified a 1Ml/day mobile desalination reverse-osmosis plant, together with an upgraded membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment works (WWTW) that enables the indirect reuse of final effluent. New boreholes have also been installed to augment ground and surface water supplies.

SSI’s medium term solution for Knysna and George also involves indirect effluent reuse, where final WWTW effluent is polished by an ultrafiltration process and then pumped into the towns’ storage dams where it combines with fresh water from the rivers.